I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ...of the PICO components The PICO question is a convenient and conventional format to use when composing good clinical questions to direct an evidence-based search of research literature. PICO stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome; thus, there are four components of a good clinical question based on the PICO format. Nov 21, 2008 · My advice: set your question based upon what you are interested in answering. For example what if you were interested in knowing "How do side effects, both physical and psychological, effect women who have experienced treatment for cervical cancer.."-radiation therapy, sex drive/life, effects of ADL's etc... Aug 31, 2023 · PICO is a formula used to develop a researchable clinical question. The purpose of a PICO question is to help breakdown a research question into smaller parts, making the evaluation of evidence more straightforward. Who is the patient or population? (Think demographics: age, sex, gender, race). What problem or disease or situation are you facing? Jul 17, 2021 · PICOT Question. The emotional wellbeing of mothers is linked to the positive upbringing of children in the first several months of their lives. However, the physical, hormonal, and psychological changes that occur after labor can significantly undermine women’s well-being, with adverse symptoms preventing them from having a positive outlook on lives. Clinical questions could arise in situations such as the following: You become uncertain, during a patient encounter, about the desirability of a particular diagnostic or therapeutic choice. You encounter a product advertisement in a journal in which you are encouraged to purchase and use a particular technology for your patients.Sep 6, 2023 · It is important to note that there are different types or categories of PICOT questions. The category of your question can at times dictate the types of evidence that you are searching for. Determine in which category your question would best fit. Use the template to help you word it succinctly and correctly. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.These are some best examples of PICOT questions for falls. 2) The Prognosis. These questions are used in the following scenarios. Used to determine the potential complications from a specific condition or the clinical course over a particular period. The following is an example of an intervention PICOT question: These questions bring together multiple concepts related to a specific clinical situation or research topic. They are typically divided into two categories: Qualitative Questions aim to discover meaning or gain an understanding of a phenomena. They ask about an individual's or population's experience of certain situations or circumstances.Systematic Review: A systematic review tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all RCTs (randomized control trials) relevant to a specific clinical question. . Stringent guidelines are set in order to draw a conclusion about whether or not there is conclusive evidence about a specfic treatment or toThe PICO(T) Chart provides an easy framework for integrating clinical information into the development of a research question. Students can complete the following worksheet, incorporating detailed information into each response. Decide what your research interest or topic is and then develop a research question to answer it.Aug 9, 2023 · PICO Question Template Examples. It can be helpful to classify your question based on the clinical domain(s) it falls under. See below for definitions, PICO templates, and example questions from the primary clinical domains: intervention, diagnosis, etiology, prevention, prognosis/prediction, quality of life/meaning, and therapy. • Discuss the background questions as a group, and look up the answers as needed. • Find the answer to the foreground question, or have everyone write their own PICO question. • Take 5 minutes to look up the PICO answers. • Share the PICO answers and resources used.Mar 31, 2021 · Diagnostic OR= (a/b)/ (c/d)=742.9. We would need to perform a test accuracy study to answer our question. The participants would get a mammography (index test) and a biopsy to determine the presence of breast cancer (reference test). Each test would yield a positive or negative test result. Preferably, all patients get both tests, without much ... Aug 15, 2023 · Background questions ask for general knowledge about an illness, disease, condition, process or thing. These types of questions typically ask who, what, where, when, how & why about things like a disorder, test, or treatment, etc. For example. How overweight is a woman to be considered slightly obese? What are the clinical manifestations of ... Clarifying the key elements of the question is a critical first step toward providing an answer to inform a decision, or for a researcher to frame the research to be done. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes) model captures the key elements and is a good strategy to provide answerable questions. [1] of the PICO components The PICO question is a convenient and conventional format to use when composing good clinical questions to direct an evidence-based search of research literature. PICO stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome; thus, there are four components of a good clinical question based on the PICO format. If you are planning to create a systematic review, it is usually best to start with a PICO style question, it provides structure and boundaries to the task. Let’s try: To search for the core topics discussed in your review, you are probably going to want to use a combination of approaches. You are probably going to need to use the subject ...PICO and 2×2 table for question about test accuracy. Population of interest=women aged 40–74 years without a history of breast cancer. Investigated test result=positive result on mammography. Comparator test result=negative result on mammography. Outcome=breast cancer according to biopsy (or not) View inline. A simple database search strategy should begin with the AND : cross infection AND (Handwashing OR Hand disinfection) Start with CINAHL or Medline/PubMed as initial article databases for a scoping search for most health sciences questions.Aug 24, 2023 · PICO (T) Evidence-based practice uses the PICO (T) model for formulating a searchable question. PICO (T) is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical foreground question: P = Population/Problem. How would I describe the problem or a group of patients similar to mine? I = Intervention. Question: Should women give birth in the lithotomy position because its encourage from their doctors? Or is it more effective to deliver in other positions as their less likely to lead to delivers with forceps or a vacuum? Running head: NSG 410 PICOT RESEARCH QUESTION. References. DiFranco, J. T., & Curl, M. (2014). "Among women in labor, does the use of labor support/doulas versus no labor support affect labor complications?" (PICOt Question example by M. Montgomery) (PICOt Question example by M. Montgomery) Types of Questions: Therapy, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Harm/Etiology, Prevention, Cost-Effectiveness, Quality of Life.If you are planning to create a systematic review, it is usually best to start with a PICO style question, it provides structure and boundaries to the task. Let’s try: To search for the core topics discussed in your review, you are probably going to want to use a combination of approaches. You are probably going to need to use the subject ...Oct 15, 2019 · The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention. Nov 21, 2008 · My advice: set your question based upon what you are interested in answering. For example what if you were interested in knowing "How do side effects, both physical and psychological, effect women who have experienced treatment for cervical cancer.."-radiation therapy, sex drive/life, effects of ADL's etc... PICOT QUESTION PAPER: INFERTILITY Significance to Nursing In nursing, fertility is a process that begins from the second a woman states she is attempting to become pregnant but is having difficulty. Nurses are also educators, so a main component to treating a woman who has fertility issues is to make them aware of their options and issues.Appendix H. PICO tables. PICO tables were generated for each question defining the target population, interventions and comparators (where appropriate) and outcomes. These are presented with a summary of the searching activity for each question. Go to: Nov 21, 2008 · My advice: set your question based upon what you are interested in answering. For example what if you were interested in knowing "How do side effects, both physical and psychological, effect women who have experienced treatment for cervical cancer.."-radiation therapy, sex drive/life, effects of ADL's etc... I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ...PICO Question Examples It will be a time-consuming and difficult venture to identify the most appropriate resources and find relevant evidence without a well-focused question. PICO helps to form a question and facilitate quick and wider literature search.PICO framework helps to identify the main elements of a question and simplify writing a ...PICO Question Examples It will be a time-consuming and difficult venture to identify the most appropriate resources and find relevant evidence without a well-focused question. PICO helps to form a question and facilitate quick and wider literature search.PICO framework helps to identify the main elements of a question and simplify writing a ...I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ...Use the PICOT format to structure your literature search based on a clearly-stated, searchable clinical question. P = Patient Population. I = Intervention or area of Interest. C = Comparison or Control group. O = Outcome.Aug 28, 2023 · Different types of clinical questions are suited to different syntaxes and phrasings, but all will clearly define the PICO elements. The definitions and frames below may be helpful for organizing your question: Intervention/Therapy. Questions addressing how a clinical issue, illness, or disability is treated. of the PICO components The PICO question is a convenient and conventional format to use when composing good clinical questions to direct an evidence-based search of research literature. PICO stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome; thus, there are four components of a good clinical question based on the PICO format. A simple database search strategy should begin with the AND : cross infection AND (Handwashing OR Hand disinfection) Start with CINAHL or Medline/PubMed as initial article databases for a scoping search for most health sciences questions.CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER QUESTION; 3. Problems of the neonate and young infant: 3.1 Routine care of the newborn at delivery: Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries (P), does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life (I) compared with drying and wrapping (C) have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation/exclusivity ...Therapy nursing PICOT questions examples include: 12. Use of negative pressure wound therapy on a diabetic patient with stage iii pressure ulcers compared with standard moist wound therapy. 13. Comparing the risks of developing breast cancer among women who use oral contraceptives with those who use IUDs. 14.Your full PICO question is: "Among hospitalized chronic smokers, does a brief educational nursing intervention lead to long term smoking cessation [when compared with no intervention]?" PICO Question Examplesof the PICO components The PICO question is a convenient and conventional format to use when composing good clinical questions to direct an evidence-based search of research literature. PICO stands for Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome; thus, there are four components of a good clinical question based on the PICO format.Running head: NSG 410 PICOT RESEARCH QUESTION. P Laboring women delivering in a hospital. Problem: Laboring women are constantly urged to use the lithotomy position, but this can sometimes lead to various labor complications.Foreground questions look for answers to specific patients, problems, types of interventions, and clinical outcomes, and the PICO framework will work well with these questions. Use PICO to write a clear, researchable clinical question. The four elements of PICO break a research topic into searchable keywords and make locating evidence-based ...If you are planning to create a systematic review, it is usually best to start with a PICO style question, it provides structure and boundaries to the task. Let’s try: To search for the core topics discussed in your review, you are probably going to want to use a combination of approaches. You are probably going to need to use the subject ...A strength of a qualitative PICO question is that it can investigate what patient satisfaction looks like, for example, instead of only reporting that 25% of patients who took a survey reported that they are satisfied. When working with qualitative questions, an alternative to using PICO in searching for sources is the SPIDER search tool.[Examples modified and drawn from Glasper, A. and Rees, C. (2013) How to Write Your Nursing Dissertation] The following examples may help you put PICO into practice. Suggestions in the brackets are just extra ideas for what you might want to consider. 1) Isobel is a 45 year old woman who asks you for advice on natural ways of resolving her ...Concepts from the PICO(T) question are used to construct a comprehensive database search strategy with search terms describing each relevant component of the PICO(T). Relevant elements of your PICO(T) question can be used to develop an initial list of keywords (including synonyms) to use in a database search. The most important parts of a PICO ...PICO Question Examples It will be a time-consuming and difficult venture to identify the most appropriate resources and find relevant evidence without a well-focused question. PICO helps to form a question and facilitate quick and wider literature search.PICO framework helps to identify the main elements of a question and simplify writing a ...Developing a Targeted Research Question. Examine your topic to identify the major concepts you need to conduct the best searches. Some useful ways to do this include: Background planning: think of the 5 W's and H for your topic: Who - are the stakeholders, population of interest, involved parties. What - are the issues, problems, needs.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Components of Pico. P- young adults. I- alcohol consumption. C- no alcohol consumption. O- depression. Exposure: The exposure in this case is alcohol. It is injurious to health and it makes aggressive behavior of people therefore, increasing the level of anxiety. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the normal process of development and ...Have two essential components: Example: What causes migraines? or How often should women over the age of 40 have a mammogram? A question root (who, what, when, etc.) with a verb A disorder, test, treatment, or other aspect of healthcare The background question is usually asked because of the need for basic information.PICOT: This evidence-based project answered the following question: In rehabilitation patients, what is the effect of a nurse-driven protocol (NDP) CAUTI bundle on the number of indwelling urinary catheter-related infections, compared to the current practice, over a 12-week time period? EvidenceP: laboring women delivering in a hospital I: positions other than the lithotomy position C: lithotomy position O: decreased incidence of assisted deliveries In laboring women delivering in the hospital, do positions other than lithotomy position lead to a decreased incidence of assisted deliveries?PICO Question: Methods Evidence •Kennard, et al (2006) found a significantly higher remission rate in the SSRI + CBT group (37%) relative to the other treatment groups (SSRI 23%; CBT 16%; placebo, 17%). •Suggests combination therapy (SSRI + CBT) is superior to monotherapy, regardless of whether it is SSRI alone or CBT alone. PICO Question: Methods Evidence •Kennard, et al (2006) found a significantly higher remission rate in the SSRI + CBT group (37%) relative to the other treatment groups (SSRI 23%; CBT 16%; placebo, 17%). •Suggests combination therapy (SSRI + CBT) is superior to monotherapy, regardless of whether it is SSRI alone or CBT alone.PICOT is a mnemonic resulting from the elements of clinical research. The PICOT process starts with a particular case, and the question is couched to develop an answer. A PICOT question helps you get the answer to your clinical question. It serves as a framework, prompting you to consider various aspects of the topic under investigation. You need to assess what reasonable clinical study population your patient could be part of. For example, if your patient is a 73 year old woman, "73 year old women" or "women in their 70s" is too specific because it is highly unlikely that clinical researchers would design a study that would exclusively enroll women in their 70s.What PICO means. P: Population/disease ( i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder) I: Intervention or Variable of Interest (exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor) C: Comparison: (could be a placebo or "business as usual" as in no disease, absence of risk factor, Prognostic factor B ) O: Outcome: (risk of disease ...I need a PICO question over either pregnancy, pregnancy complications, postpartum, newborn, premature newborn, anything along those lines. I know how to make a PICO question so I am not asking that. I am just having trouble with this area and exploring things I could do one over and find articles with. Thanks!The PICOT question format is a consistent "formula" for developing answerable, researchable questions. When you write a good one, it makes the rest of the process of finding and evaluating evidence much more straightforward. P: Population/patient - age, gender, ethnicity, individuals with a certain disorder. I: Intervention/indicator (Variable ...Your full PICO question is: "Among hospitalized chronic smokers, does a brief educational nursing intervention lead to long term smoking cessation [when compared with no intervention]?" PICO Question ExamplesPICOT is a mnemonic resulting from the elements of clinical research. The PICOT process starts with a particular case, and the question is couched to develop an answer. A PICOT question helps you get the answer to your clinical question. It serves as a framework, prompting you to consider various aspects of the topic under investigation. When constructing your PICO question, a few important points to bear in mind: Your patient is a member of a population as well as a person with (or at risk for) a health problem . Factors to consider include age, sex, comorbid conditions, past medical history, socioeconomic status or other demographic variables, as these factors may impact your ...If you are planning to create a systematic review, it is usually best to start with a PICO style question, it provides structure and boundaries to the task. Let’s try: To search for the core topics discussed in your review, you are probably going to want to use a combination of approaches. You are probably going to need to use the subject ...Sep 15, 2022 · P: laboring women delivering in a hospital I: positions other than the lithotomy position C: lithotomy position O: decreased incidence of assisted deliveries In laboring women delivering in the hospital, do positions other than lithotomy position lead to a decreased incidence of assisted deliveries? 25 Clinical Questions and PICO. The use of PICO is very relevant in the construction of your clinical questions. Evidence-based nursing assignments demand you to structure your research questions in accordance with the PICO framework. The PICO framework is divided into four major elements. These elements will help you frame the background ...Mar 31, 2021 · Diagnostic OR= (a/b)/ (c/d)=742.9. We would need to perform a test accuracy study to answer our question. The participants would get a mammography (index test) and a biopsy to determine the presence of breast cancer (reference test). Each test would yield a positive or negative test result. Preferably, all patients get both tests, without much ... PICO and 2×2 table for question about test accuracy. Population of interest=women aged 40–74 years without a history of breast cancer. Investigated test result=positive result on mammography. Comparator test result=negative result on mammography. Outcome=breast cancer according to biopsy (or not) View inline. Clinical questions could arise in situations such as the following: You become uncertain, during a patient encounter, about the desirability of a particular diagnostic or therapeutic choice. You encounter a product advertisement in a journal in which you are encouraged to purchase and use a particular technology for your patients.If you are planning to create a systematic review, it is usually best to start with a PICO style question, it provides structure and boundaries to the task. Let’s try: To search for the core topics discussed in your review, you are probably going to want to use a combination of approaches. You are probably going to need to use the subject ...Sep 24, 2022 · An example of a picot question comparing two groups of people is: Do- (P) Women-(I) Compared to-(C) Men-(O) Have a greater risk for-(T) picot question: Do women, compared to men, have a greater risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease? This picot question is asking about the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER QUESTION; 3. Problems of the neonate and young infant: 3.1 Routine care of the newborn at delivery: Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries (P), does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life (I) compared with drying and wrapping (C) have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation/exclusivity ...Jun 13, 2023 · Example 2. You are working with a recent stroke patient who is having balance issues and you are considering using virtual reality in their therapy. P = recent stroke, balance issues. I = virtual reality. C = no virtual reality. O = improved balance "In recent stroke patients, how does using virtual reality affect or improve balance?" Example 3 Different types of clinical questions are suited to different syntaxes and phrasings, but all will clearly define the PICO elements. The definitions and frames below may be helpful for organizing your question: Intervention/Therapy. Questions addressing how a clinical issue, illness, or disability is treated.PICOT 7 PMTCT What is the most effective antiviral therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy, to reduce transmission of HBsAg? P: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (defined as 27–40 weeks gestation) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (positive for HBsAg persistently for more than 6 months) (stratified by HBeAg ...Examples of Picot Questions. Below are good picot questions examples that can guide you to come up with picot questions. In African American female adolescents with hepatitis B (P), how does acetaminophen (I) compared to ibuprofen (C) affect liver function (O)? (Time is optional). For women who use birth control methods (P), how do birth ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention.Jul 17, 2021 · PICOT Question. The emotional wellbeing of mothers is linked to the positive upbringing of children in the first several months of their lives. However, the physical, hormonal, and psychological changes that occur after labor can significantly undermine women’s well-being, with adverse symptoms preventing them from having a positive outlook on lives. Aug 15, 2023 · [Examples modified and drawn from Glasper, A. and Rees, C. (2013) How to Write Your Nursing Dissertation] The following examples may help you put PICO into practice. Suggestions in the brackets are just extra ideas for what you might want to consider. 1) Isobel is a 45 year old woman who asks you for advice on natural ways of resolving her ... These are some best examples of PICOT questions for falls. 2) The Prognosis. These questions are used in the following scenarios. Used to determine the potential complications from a specific condition or the clinical course over a particular period. The following is an example of an intervention PICOT question: These questions are often looking at specific patients or populations, which is why the PICO(T) framework is used. They are often very specific or complex in comparison to background questions (i.e. questions that are routed more in general knowledge or answering an open ended question about an illness, disease, condition, process, or thing).Example 2. You are working with a recent stroke patient who is having balance issues and you are considering using virtual reality in their therapy. P = recent stroke, balance issues. I = virtual reality. C = no virtual reality. O = improved balance "In recent stroke patients, how does using virtual reality affect or improve balance?" Example 3Apr 5, 2023 · Level of Evidence What is a PICO Question? PICO is an acronym used for exploring clinical questions. It serves as a framework for evidence-based practice. P (Problem and Population) What health problem is your selected intervention intended to solve? Identify what population of people will benefit the most from your chosen intervention. • Discuss the background questions as a group, and look up the answers as needed. • Find the answer to the foreground question, or have everyone write their own PICO question. • Take 5 minutes to look up the PICO answers. • Share the PICO answers and resources used.Sep 21, 2019 · The list of PICOT question examples will be incomplete if we didn’t mention a question about severe malnutrition. 23. Can antibiotics prevent death and sequelae in kids ...
• Discuss the background questions as a group, and look up the answers as needed. • Find the answer to the foreground question, or have everyone write their own PICO question. • Take 5 minutes to look up the PICO answers. • Share the PICO answers and resources used. . Inclusion exclusion principle 4 sets
Sep 21, 2019 · The list of PICOT question examples will be incomplete if we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mention a question about severe malnutrition. 23. Can antibiotics prevent death and sequelae in kids ... This section includes the evidence summaries for each key question. It incorporates a summary of the included review for PICO question 1 and the results of the primary reviews (PICO questions 2–6), other relevant evidence (specifically, related guidelines and systematic reviews) and a summary of the evidence-to-decision framework.When you formulate a PICO question, you are creating a formula that does several things: Focus the question by identifying the components or concepts in the question. Defines the concepts that will be used when performing a complex literature search. Used to ascertain which articles in a search retrieval best address the question.These are some best examples of PICOT questions for falls. 2) The Prognosis. These questions are used in the following scenarios. Used to determine the potential complications from a specific condition or the clinical course over a particular period. The following is an example of an intervention PICOT question: Aug 23, 2023 · I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ... Jul 26, 2023 · [Examples modified and drawn from Glasper, A. and Rees, C. (2013) How to Write Your Nursing Dissertation] The following examples may help you put PICO into practice. Suggestions in the brackets are just extra ideas for what you might want to consider. 1) Isobel is a 45 year old woman who asks you for advice on natural ways of resolving her ... The PICO question in this paper seeked to answer the question: in adult patients without celiac disease or gluten sensitivities, is GF food correlated with higher type 2 diabetes or CVD risk? The question was underpinned by a research study showing an inverse relationship between gluten consumption and type 2 diabetes rates.Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Population. Children <6 years of age. AND. Diagnosed with ADHD or at risk for ADHD or diagnosed with DBD (including ODD and CD by DSM) ≥6 years of age (subjects <6 years are described in Question 1) Diagnosed with ADHD by the DSM or ICD criteria that was in use at the time of the study or of the publication. Note: The question may also appear as: What is the effectiveness of early ambulation, compared to bed rest, on decreasing post-op DVTs in adult patients with total hip replacements. Meaning PICO Question: How do pregnant women (P) newly diagnosed with diabetes (I) experience reporting their blood sugar levels (O) to their healthcare providers? <<PICO is a popular mnemonic in nursing. P stands for Patient/Problem, I for Intervention, C for Comparison, and O for Outcome. PICOT is used by nursing students to generate answers to seemingly vague questions. PICOT question examples such as “How effective is handwashing in reducing infections?” can be broken down in the following manner: PICO (T) Evidence-based practice uses the PICO (T) model for formulating a searchable question. PICO (T) is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical foreground question: P = Population/Problem. How would I describe the problem or a group of patients similar to mine? I = Intervention.Develop and revise questions that focus your inquiry. Create a concept map that demonstrates the relationships between concepts. Once you have selected your topic area and reviewed literature related to it, you may need to narrow it down to something that can be realistically researched and answered. In the last section, we learned about asking ...Components of Pico. P- young adults. I- alcohol consumption. C- no alcohol consumption. O- depression. Exposure: The exposure in this case is alcohol. It is injurious to health and it makes aggressive behavior of people therefore, increasing the level of anxiety. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the normal process of development and ... PICO and 2×2 table for question about test accuracy. Population of interest=women aged 40–74 years without a history of breast cancer. Investigated test result=positive result on mammography. Comparator test result=negative result on mammography. Outcome=breast cancer according to biopsy (or not) View inline. .